Clay is a type of sedimentary rock that has an incredible range of uses and is one of the oldest human-used substances in the world. Clays contain particles of minerals, such as mica and quartz, that give them the properties called plasticity and sintering. The plasticity of clays enables them to be shaped into objects, while the sintering allows them to be heated and form long-lasting solid structures. Clays can be made into a variety of products, from artistic creations to sculptures and pottery. In pottery, clays are used for their ability to be molded into shapes and heated in a kiln to produce a hard, durable material which is waterproof. Clays have been used for centuries to make bricks, tiles, and roofing materials, as well as oil well linings. Clays are also used in industrial applications such as refractory bricks, cement, and as additives in paints and coatings. The unique characteristics of clay that make it an ideal material include its malleability, strength and heat resistance. Its porosity enables it to absorb water yet remain solid when dry, making it perfect for a variety of uses. Clay’s ability to be manipulated and fired makes it a highly sought-after material in the arts and in industry. Its abundance, affordability and properties have made clay an invaluable material in many areas of construction and artistry.